176

176 was a year in the second century of the Common Era. It occurred during the Roman Empire, when the emperor in power was Marcus Aurelius. The year fell within a period when Rome was engaged in frontier conflicts along the Danube River.

As with other years of this period, the available records are based on historical writers and stone inscriptions and coins. The 'AD' dating system itself was invented centuries later, so people living at that time did not use this name for the year.

How the Romans counted the year

The Romans did not refer to the year by a number such as 176. Instead, they named it after the two consuls (consul) who held office that year, or they counted from the founding of the city of Rome (ab urbe condita). The system of 'the year of our Lord' (Anno Domini) became widespread in the European Middle Ages and later became the global standard.

Political situation

Marcus Aurelius had ruled the empire since 161. Much of his reign was taken up with military campaigns against Germanic and Sarmatian tribes living on the northern frontier. His son Commodus was at this time being given increasing positions in the state system, bringing him to share power with his father.

Society and economy

The empire consisted of provinces stretching from Britain to Syria and Egypt. Mediterranean sea trade, agricultural taxes, and permanent frontier forces formed the backbone of the system. This period also saw a major plague spread through the empire in the mid-second century, which affected population numbers and military strength.