1956

1956 was a year in the 20th century, marked by the period of the Cold War—a state of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union that did not involve direct warfare. The year was a leap year beginning on Sunday, January 1, according to the Gregorian calendar.

That year is remembered for events related to decolonization in Africa and the Middle East, as well as upheavals in Eastern Europe. It was also a period when internal policy in the Soviet Union underwent change following Stalin's death in 1953.

The Middle East and Suez

1956 is associated with the crisis over the Suez Canal. Egypt, led by Gamal Abdel Nasser, took steps to bring the canal under state management, prompting Britain, France, and Israel to take military action. Diplomatic pressure, including from the United States and the Soviet Union, led to the withdrawal of forces. The event is seen as a sign of declining European power in the world.

Eastern Europe

In the same year, Hungary experienced widespread unrest involving the population and students, calling for political change and reduced Soviet control. Soviet forces entered Budapest and suppressed the uprising. Poland saw worker protests and leadership changes around the same time.

Africa and independence

1956 was among the significant years for the spread of independence in Africa and the Arab world: Sudan, Tunisia, and Morocco gained independence that year. Somalia, still under Italian administration (AFIS) and British rule in the north, was at that time in stages leading toward self-governance.

Other matters

The Summer Olympic Games were held in Melbourne, Australia—the first time the Olympics were held in the Southern Hemisphere. Certain equestrian events were held in Sweden for reasons of animal health.