1957

1957 was a year in the Gregorian calendar, the most widely used dating system in the world. It fell during the Cold War, when the United States and Soviet Union competed for technological advantage and political influence.

The year is remembered for two major developments: the beginning of the space race, and the progress of independence movements in Africa. Both shaped how the world developed over the following decade.

The space race

In 1957, the Soviet Union sent the first artificial satellite into orbit, Sputnik 1. A satellite is an object launched to circle the Earth. Sputnik 2 followed, carrying an animal. The American response led to increased funding for science and scientific education.

Ghana's independence

Ghana gained independence from the British Empire in 1957. It was the first country south of the Sahara in Africa to achieve independence during this period of decolonization. The most prominent leader of this movement was Kwame Nkrumah, who advanced ideas of African unity.

Europe and treaties

In Rome that year, treaties were signed establishing the European Economic Community, which formed the basis of what is now known as the European Union. The aim was to create a common market and economic cooperation among Western European countries.