1966

1966 was a year in the Gregorian calendar, beginning on a Saturday. It fell during the Cold War, a political and military standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union that did not escalate into direct conflict.

That year saw African independence movements advancing, political transitions occurring in Asia, and the Vietnam War expanding. The space race between the United States and the Soviet Union also intensified.

Global situation

The United States increased its military forces in South Vietnam while continuing air campaigns against North Vietnam. This sparked anti-war protests originating from American universities and other countries.

China launched the Cultural Revolution, directed by Mao Zedong. It aimed at internal political and social transformation, and resulted in widespread upheaval in state institutions and education.

Africa and the Horn of Africa

Several African countries that had recently gained independence faced military challenges and political instability. Somalia at that time was a multi-party democracy holding elections before the 1969 coup. Border and political tensions existed between Somalia and its neighbors.