Almanac
From Halbeeg, the open encyclopedia · Af-Soomaali
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An almanac is an annual book or publication that compiles organized information about the coming year. It typically contains calendars of dates, times of sunrise and sunset, phases of the moon, tide tables, and notes on agriculture and weather.
The word derives from an ancient writing tradition based on astronomical calculation. Almanacs have long served farmers, sailors, and people who needed to determine religious observances. Today some have become general reference works updated annually.
Standard content
A typical almanac contains two kinds of information. The first is astronomical data derived from the sky: times of sunrise and sunset, eclipses, and positions of planets. The second is practical and educational: historical information, measurements, lists of countries, and useful notes.
Use in agriculture and navigation
Farmers used almanacs to determine the timing of planting and harvest, relying on the seasons and weather patterns recorded in the book. Sailors consulted star charts to determine a ship's position. The version made for maritime use is commonly called a nautical almanac.
Modern changes
Computers and the internet have reduced the need for printed books. Astronomical data is now available through software and websites updated continuously. Nevertheless, printed almanacs continue to be published, particularly those specialized for agriculture, fishing, and religious calculation.