Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a public health agency of the United States federal government. It operates under the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Its headquarters is located in Atlanta, Georgia, distinguishing it from most other federal agencies based in Washington.
The CDC's work centers on protecting public health: tracking disease outbreaks, investigating cases, issuing health guidance, and supporting laboratories. It produces recommendations on immunization, food safety, non-communicable diseases such as cancer and heart disease, and preventable injuries.
History
The agency began as a program to combat malaria during and after World War II. For this reason, the headquarters was established in Atlanta, since malaria was prevalent in the American South. Over time, the agency's name and mandate were broadened to encompass all contagious diseases, and eventually public health generally.
Major functions
The CDC operates data collection systems that gather information on reportable diseases from state and local health departments and hospitals. It deploys investigative teams when new outbreaks occur, both within the United States and internationally. Its laboratories conduct research on dangerous pathogens, using appropriate biosafety levels.
A publication known as the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) is one of the agency's primary channels for disseminating research findings. It also provides travel health guidance and vaccinations for people traveling abroad.
Controversies
Like other government agencies, the CDC faces political debate, particularly during major disease outbreaks. Recurring questions concern the scientific basis of its recommendations, the relationship between its decisions and the policies of the administration in office, and its legal authority relative to states, which retain substantial health powers.