Day of Arafah
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The Day of Arafah is the ninth day of Dhu al-Hijjah, the last month in the Islamic lunar calendar. It is the most important day of the pilgrimage: pilgrims at Mecca proceed to the plain of Arafah, an open area to the east of the city, where they remain until sunset.
The following day is Eid al-Adha (the tenth day). Muslims not performing the pilgrimage, particularly those not among the pilgrims, are encouraged to fast on that day; this is a voluntary fast, not obligatory.
The Plain of Arafah
Arafah (Jabal Carafa or Jabal al-Rahma) is a small, open hill lying beyond the boundaries of the Sacred Sanctuary of Mecca. During the pilgrimage, pilgrims erect tents in the surrounding area and spend the time in prayer, supplication, and Qur'anic recitation.
The Standing at Arafah
The standing (wuquf) at Arafah is a fundamental pillar of the pilgrimage. A pilgrim who does not reach Arafah within the prescribed time has not completed the pilgrimage and must repeat it the following year. The standing begins at midday on the ninth day and continues until sunset of the following day; in practice, it commonly takes place from after midday until sunset.
After sunset, pilgrims depart for Muzdalifah, where they spend the night, and on the day of Eid they proceed to Mina to perform the stoning of the pillars and other rites.
The Sermon of Arafah
On this day a sermon is delivered at Masjid Namira, after which pilgrims perform the noon and afternoon prayers together, shortened and combined. This sermon is translated into many languages and is broadcast on radio and television.
Muslims not performing the pilgrimage
Most Muslim countries observe the day: people engage in fasting, supplication, and glorification of God. In Somalia and other countries of the Horn of Africa, this day is preparation for Eid al-Adha: families prepare meat for slaughter and gather with relatives.