Dirac

Dirac is a long dress worn by Somali women. It is made from lightweight fabric, typically sheer or semi-sheer, such as voile (a fabric with a fine weave), light polyester, or cotton. The dirac extends from the shoulder to the ankles, with wide sleeves. Because the fabric is sheer, a slip is worn underneath.

Dirac is recognized as the most common dress for formal occasions, particularly weddings, holidays, and social gatherings. It is also part of Somali cultural markers seen in diasporic and immigrant communities, where women display cultural identity through dress.

Parts of the garment

A dirac typically consists of three parts. The dirac itself forms the upper garment. The slip or undergarment is worn beneath to prevent the sheer fabric from showing the body. A scarf or headwrap is worn over the head and shoulders. The names of the lower parts vary by region.

Fabric and patterns

The fabrics used vary: from shiny, formal material designed for weddings to plain everyday cloth. Patterns include mixed colors, shimmer (sequins or gold thread) and embroidery. Styles of coloring and patterning change continuously with market trends and fashion.

Commerce and production

Most dirac fabric is imported from abroad, particularly from markets in Asia and the Middle East, then sewn or embellished domestically. The dirac trade operates through networks of women traders in urban markets and, in recent years, social media and online sales.