Education

Education is the process by which people acquire knowledge, skills, values and customs. It can take place through formal provision, such as schools and universities, or informally, through family learning, work experience and community engagement. The term is also rendered as wabarasho or waxbarsho.

Modern education systems are typically structured in levels: early childhood education, primary school, secondary school and tertiary education. Most governments set curriculum standards, teacher qualifications and examination requirements, though private and religious institutions also play a role in provision.

Types of education

Formal education is conducted in institutions with set curricula, levels and certification. Non-formal education includes vocational training and short courses. Informal education arises from daily life: family conversation, practical work and media. These three forms overlap and complement each other.

Curriculum and teaching methods

Curriculum is the plan defining what is taught and how it is assessed. Teaching methods vary—for example, instructor-led classes versus independent student work. Assessment can be formative, guiding learning as it proceeds, or summative, such as end-of-course examinations.

Literacy and access

Literacy is the ability to read and write in a language. It is the most common measure of educational attainment at the national level. Access to education depends on school distance, costs, security conditions and social practices—particularly with regard to girls' school attendance.

Language of instruction

The choice of instructional language is significant in many countries. Research generally shows that early literacy in the mother tongue aids comprehension; however, international languages are often introduced at higher levels and for the job market. Many systems employ bilingual approaches.