Foreskin

The foreskin (also called the prepuce or penile skin) is the retractable tissue that covers the glans of the penis. It is a normal part of the body, consisting of two layers: an outer layer of ordinary skin and an inner layer that is moist and mucous-like.

The foreskin is attached to the glans by a thin cord running underneath called the frenulum. When pulled back or when the penis becomes erect, the foreskin typically retracts and the glans becomes visible. In young children who have not been circumcised, the foreskin normally remains attached to the glans for a number of years before gradually separating.

Structure and function

The foreskin contains blood vessels, nerves, and mucous tissue. Its functions are generally described as including protection and moistening of the glans, regulation of sensitivity, and provision of tactile sensation. The degree of sensitivity it provides is a matter of scientific debate.

Circumcision

Circumcision is the surgical removal of part or all of the foreskin. It is performed for religious, cultural, or health reasons. In Islam and Judaism, circumcision is an established religious and cultural practice for both communities. In some countries, such as the United States, circumcision of newborns was once a common health practice, while in much of Europe it is less common.

Medical conditions

Medical conditions associated with the foreskin include phimosis (inability of the foreskin to retract), paraphimosis (retraction of the foreskin that cannot be reversed, requiring urgent attention), and balanitis (inflammation affecting the glans and foreskin). Regular daily hygiene is generally recommended to prevent inflammation.