Horse

The horse (Equus ferus caballus) is a mammal belonging to the family Equidae. It is a herbivore that feeds on grass and plants. It is a domesticated animal that humans have used for thousands of years for riding, carrying cargo, agriculture, and warfare.

The horse's feet end in a single large toe with a hard hoof. This structure enables it to run swiftly over open ground. The horse has large eyes set on the sides of its head, giving it a wide field of vision, and ears that move independently.

Body Structure

Horse height is measured at the withers. The larger breeds used for heavy work are taller than the smaller animals known as ponies. Teeth grow continuously, and a horse's age is often determined by the condition of its teeth. The neck and hind legs provide most of the power in movement.

Behavior and Society

Horses are herd animals. Wild horses form groups led by a stallion, with a mare protecting the herd. They are reactive to danger, responding with a flight response, which shapes how they are trained: training is based on repetition and reward.

Domestication and Use

Horse domestication began in the steppes of Eurasia thousands of years ago and significantly changed human transportation and warfare throughout history. After the development of engines and motor vehicles, horse use in work shifted to sport, racing, recreation, and therapy. In many rural areas, they remain important working animals.