Journalist

A journalist is a person whose work consists of gathering, investigating, verifying, and writing or producing news and information for the public. Journalists work at newspapers, radio stations, television networks, news agencies, and websites. Some are full-time employees of an organization, while others are freelance and take individual assignments.

A journalist's work typically involves selecting a topic, contacting sources, conducting interviews, comparing information, and producing written or visual material for publication. The work is usually reviewed by an editor before it is published.

Types of work

Journalists often specialize in particular areas: politics, economics, sports, health, local news, or war reporting. There are also photojournalists (still or video), audio journalists who produce broadcast programs, and investigative journalists who spend extended periods uncovering concealed matters. A correspondent is sent to a specific region or country to report from there.

Standards and practices

Professional codes of ethics adopted by many organizations call for accuracy, independence from sources with a single interest, correction of errors when discovered, and protection of unnamed sources. Standard practice requires that each story have two or more independent sources, particularly when the story contains accusations. Distinguishing between news reporting and opinion is among the fundamental principles.

Law and safety

Freedom of the press is defined by national constitutions and international agreements, but its practice varies from country to country. Journalists face legal restrictions, defamation suits, imprisonment, or physical assault, especially in conflict zones and areas with political repression. International organizations track the number of journalists killed or detained annually.

Technological change

The growth of the internet and social media has transformed how news is distributed and how media outlets generate revenue. Advertising income at many newspapers has declined, while online media outlets have experimented with subscription models and other approaches. Similarly, the rapid spread of unverified information has increased the importance of fact-checking.