Magnolia alba

Magnolia × alba is a tall tree of the family Magnoliaceae, distinguished by white to pale pink flowers with a strong, sweet fragrance. It is cultivated in warm climates across South and Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, India, and southern China.

The species is recognized as a hybrid, meaning it arose from the crossing of two Magnolia species. For this reason, the scientific name is written with the symbol '×'. The plant is rarely found reproducing naturally in the wild, but is propagated by humans through cuttings or grafting.

Plant characteristics

It is an evergreen tree that can reach ten metres or more in height when grown in open spaces. The leaves are long with an elongated oval shape and have a glossy green surface. The flowers consist of numerous white tepals (floral segments), releasing a heavy fragrance especially in the evening and at night. Fruit set is generally poor, which is typical of hybrids with restricted fertility.

Uses

The flowers are used to produce essential oil for the perfume industry. Fresh flowers are also sold in markets and are used in garlands or to decorate homes and temples in India, Indonesia, and other regions. The tree itself is planted along roadsides and in gardens for ornament and fragrance.

Cultivation

It requires a humid, warm climate with soil that drains well and abundant sunlight. It does not tolerate intense summer heat. Because seed set is limited, reproduction depends on vegetative propagation methods.