Masturbation

Masturbation (also called self-stimulation) is the touching or rubbing of the genitals by hand, finger, or other object in order to achieve sexual pleasure, and often to reach orgasm. It is a sexual activity that a person may engage in alone, though it can also be performed by two people on each other, known as mutual masturbation.

Medical and social science research indicates that this practice occurs in both men and women across different life stages, from late childhood to old age. Modern medical science regards it as part of normal sexual development, provided it is not excessive or interferes with daily life.

Physical effects

During arousal, blood flow to the genitals increases, breathing and heart rate accelerate. When orgasm is reached, the muscles surrounding the genitals contract rhythmically, and in men ejaculation typically occurs. Afterward, the body returns to its normal state.

Health

Health authorities do not recognize masturbation as causing physical illness, blindness, insanity, or madness—such claims originate from unscientific older beliefs. Since it involves no contact with another person, masturbation alone does not transmit sexually transmitted infections and does not cause pregnancy. Excessive friction may cause soreness or irritation of the genital area.

Psychologically, some report feelings of guilt or shame stemming from religious or social beliefs. When the behavior becomes repetitive and interferes with work, education, or social relationships, mental health professionals may consider it a matter requiring attention, rather than evaluating it in isolation.

Religion and society

Different religions and cultures evaluate masturbation differently. Islamic scholars hold varying views: some forbid it, while others permit it as a means to avoid adultery. The Catholic Church regards it as sinful. In many parts of the world, the subject has historically been discussed with reticence, which has affected the quality of information available to the public.