Medjerda River
From Halbeeg, the open encyclopedia · Af-Soomaali
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The Medjerda is a river in northern Africa, originating in the mountainous region of northeastern Algeria and flowing eastward until it empties into the Gulf of Tunis in the Mediterranean Sea. It is the only river in Tunisia that maintains flow throughout the year, making it the most important source for irrigation and water supply to cities in the northern part of the country.
The Medjerda valley is an agricultural zone that has been settled for a long time. The cities located in it include Jendouba, Bou Salem, Medjez el-Bab, and Tebourba. In antiquity, the Romans called the river the Bagradas, and the valley was among the most productive regions of the African continent under Roman rule.
Course and tributaries
The river originates in the highlands of northeastern Algeria, then flows into Tunisia, passing through a wide valley between the chains of mountains in the north and centre. The tributaries include the Mellègue, Tessa, Bou Heurtma, and Siliana. The lower course of the river ends in a swampy area near the coast, where it connects to the Gulf of Tunis.
Silting and coastal change
The Medjerda has deposited large amounts of silt and sediment over many centuries at its mouth. As a result, the coastline has advanced significantly, and several ancient settlements that were once ports—such as the ancient city of Utica—are now far from the sea. This change has also repeatedly shifted the river's mouth on land.
Water management
Tunisia has constructed dams and water transfer systems on the river for irrigation and drinking water, including the Sidi Salem dam, the largest in the country. Water from part of the system is conveyed to the Tunis and Sahel regions. However, the silt accumulated in the reservoirs reduces their capacity for long-term storage.
Flooding
Heavy rainfall during the rainy season can sometimes cause severe floods in the lower valley, damaging crops and roads. The government has built dikes and extensive canals for flood management, but flooding remains a recurring problem.