Salt

Salt (also called cusbo) is a mineral composed mainly of sodium chloride (NaCl), a compound of sodium and chlorine. It appears as small white or off-white granules and dissolves readily in water. Salt is one of the basic tastes that humans can perceive.

Humans use salt for two major purposes: seasoning food and preserving it from spoilage. It is also used in the chemical industry, where chlorine and sodium hydroxide are derived from it. The human body requires sodium in small amounts to maintain water balance and nerve function.

Methods of extraction

Salt is obtained by three main methods. First, seawater is evaporated by the sun in shallow ground ponds, and salt is collected when the water has evaporated; this method is common in warm coastal areas. Second, solid rock salt (halite) buried beneath the surface is extracted by mining. Third, water is injected into salt deposits and then the resulting brine is extracted and evaporated.

Food preservation

Salt reduces the free water available in food. This prevents bacteria and fungi from growing. For this reason, salting and pickling are used on meat, fish, and vegetables. This method is ancient and was used long before modern refrigeration.

Health

The amount of salt consumed is linked to blood pressure. Health authorities recommend limiting salt intake. On the other hand, salt with added iodine is used in many countries to prevent disorders related to iodine deficiency, such as goitre.