Shelter

Shelter is a place or structure that provides protection and whose primary function is to guard against rain, sun, cold, wind, and other hazards. A shelter may be temporary, such as a tent or hastily constructed room, or permanent, housing residents year-round. The term is also applied to animal shelters, such as corrals, animal pens, or tree shelters.

Shelter is recognized as one of the basic human needs when assessing living conditions. Aid organizations consider shelter provision part of emergency response during famine, displacement, disaster, or conflict. The type of shelter chosen depends on the climate of the area, available materials, population size, and expected duration of need.

Types of shelter

Shelters are classified by their construction speed. Emergency shelters can be built quickly, using tents, plastic sheeting, or simple frames of metal or wood. Temporary shelters are designed for months or years and have stronger walls and roofs. Permanent shelters are ordinary houses with foundations, water, and domestic facilities. In some regions, people use culturally-specific shelter forms, such as the traditional Somali aqal built from wooden poles lashed together, or dome-shaped structures.

Features of functional shelter

A well-functioning shelter typically has a waterproof roof, ventilation to reduce smoke and heat, secure doors for safety, and sufficient space for the household. It should also be located near water, fuel, and health services. When shelters are built in emergency situations, attention is paid to household separation, sanitation, and fire prevention.

Shelter in displacement

Shelter is a major concern in displacement camps. Many displaced people begin with simple shelters and upgrade materials over time to structures like metal or plastic. Large camps' shelter planning relates to road access, water sources, and public facilities such as schools. Local governments and aid organizations sometimes provide cash or material support to help households construct their own shelters.