Shilka (ZU-23-2)

Shilka is the Somali colloquial name for the ZU-23-2, a twin-barreled anti-aircraft gun with a calibre of 23 millimetres, designed to engage low-flying aircraft and ground targets. It originated in the Soviet Union, manufactured in the mid-20th century, and subsequently spread to numerous countries in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.

In the Horn of Africa, particularly Somalia, the Shilka is typically mounted on the beds of light utility trucks (known locally as technicals), enabling rapid mobility. For this reason, the gun has seen extensive use in ground operations, serving roles beyond its original purpose as an aircraft-defence weapon.

Design and components

The gun consists of two identical barrels mounted in parallel on a wheeled carriage. When in action, the wheels are raised and the carriage is stabilized on jacks. Ammunition is fed from two boxes, one for each barrel. The standard cartridge is 23×152 mm, available in two types: high-explosive incendiary (HEI) and armour-piercing incendiary (API).

Operational capacity

Both barrels together produce a very high rate of fire, making it possible to deliver a large volume of rounds in a short time. However, sustained fire is not sustainable: the gun overheats and the barrel must be replaced or allowed to cool. The effective range against aerial targets is approximately two to three kilometres, while ground targets can be engaged at greater distances.

The name 'Shilka'

Shilka is a colloquial term used by Somalis for this weapon and does not appear in official documentation from the manufacturers. Terms of this kind typically derive from the sound of the gun or the manner of its use, or sometimes represent a folk translation of the original name.