The 2020s (21st century)

The 2020s are the ten-year period beginning 1 January 2020 and ending 31 December 2029 according to the Gregorian calendar. It is the third decade of the 21st century.

The early years were marked by COVID-19, which the World Health Organization declared a global pandemic in March 2020. Most governments imposed travel restrictions, closed schools and workplaces, which damaged the global economy. Vaccinations administered in late 2020 and 2021 reduced mortality rates and altered public health policies.

Global politics

In February 2022, Russia launched a large-scale attack on Ukraine, leading to a prolonged war, Western economic sanctions, and shifts in energy and weapons markets in Europe. In 2023, war broke out between Gaza and Israel, affecting Middle Eastern politics and international discourse. International organisations such as the United Nations showed divisions over how to resolve the conflict.

Economy

Following the pandemic, supply chains broke down, bringing the highest price increases in a decade for major economies. Central banks raised interest rates to control inflation, making borrowing costly for developing countries. Many African nations faced debt burdens.

Technology

Generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models, saw widespread adoption from early 2023, raising debates about employment, education, and regulation. At the same time, major countries began developing new rules for AI and personal data.

Climate and environment

Several years in the decade registered record high temperatures. The shift away from fossil fuels to renewable energy continued, along with the expansion of electric vehicles. The Horn of Africa experienced recurring drought affecting many pastoral communities.