Adhi

Adhi is a general Somali term for small ruminant livestock, both goats and sheep. From a zoological perspective, goats (scientific name: Capra hircus) are a domesticated species descended from wild mountain goats of Asia. Goats are ruminant animals, meaning they have a multi-chambered stomach that allows them to digest coarse vegetation.

In Somalia and the Horn of Africa more broadly, adhi is one of four types of herded livestock: camels, cattle, and adhi (which includes both goats and sheep). Adhi are suited to arid rangeland with low rainfall, as they can subsist on shrubs and leaves, not only grass.

Physical characteristics

Goats are typically browsers that prefer leaves and bushes, while sheep generally graze on grass. Goats usually have beards and small horns below the line of the ears; sheep have wool that can be sheared. Both types give birth after a gestation period of roughly five months, often producing twins, especially in goats.

Uses and herding practices

Adhi provide milk, meat, hides, and hair. For Somali pastoralists, adhi are an important source of daily food and income; exporting adhi to the Gulf states, particularly during the Hajj season, generates substantial revenue. Adhi also have social significance: they feature in bride-price, blood-wealth (diya), and marriage agreements.

Management and health

Adhi breed quickly, which makes them useful for pastoralists to rebuild herds after drought. Common diseases include bacterial infections, gastroenteritis, and skin infections. Vaccination and treatment for gastroenteritis form part of routine management.