Beverage

A beverage is a liquid consumed by people through the mouth to provide hydration, nourishment, energy and flavor. The base of any beverage is water, to which other substances are added such as sugar, salt, minerals, proteins, fats or flavorful and aromatic compounds.

Beverages are categorized in many ways: plain water, milk, fruit juice, tea and coffee, carbonated beverages, and alcoholic beverages. This classification depends on the chemical composition, the method of preparation, and the regulations of the country governing their sale.

Role in the body

The human body is mostly water, and water is lost daily through urination, sweating, respiration and perspiration. Beverages replenish this loss. When body water drops, thirst, dry mouth and reduced physical performance occur. Certain beverages—particularly those containing salt and sugar—are used to restore water and electrolytes after illness or intense physical exertion.

Types

Plain water is the most common beverage and contains no energy (calories). Milk contains protein, fat and calcium. Juice comes from pressed fruit. Tea and coffee contain caffeine, which stimulates the nervous system. Carbonated beverages have carbon dioxide and high sugar content added. Alcoholic beverages—such as beer and wine—are based on fermentation, and are prohibited or restricted in Somalia and many other Muslim-majority countries.

Culture

Beverages are part of hospitality and social gathering. In Somalia, tea with milk and spices is offered to guests, while coffee has a long tradition in Ethiopia and Yemen. In many parts of the world, coffee or tea gatherings serve as venues for conversation and commerce.

Health and regulation

Contaminated water spreads diseases such as cholera and typhoid, which is why governments establish standards for drinking water quality. Conversely, high-sugar beverages are linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes, and some countries have introduced special taxes to reduce their consumption.