Caribbean

The Caribbean is a region comprising the Caribbean Sea, the islands within it, and the surrounding coasts. It lies between North America and South America, and connects to the Atlantic Ocean through numerous passages between the islands.

The region contains more than twenty countries and territories, some of which are independent states and others governed by European or American powers. The most widely spoken languages are Spanish, English, French, and Dutch, alongside Creole languages that blend these tongues.

Geography

The islands are generally divided into the Greater Antilles, including Cuba, Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Jamaica, and Puerto Rico, and the Lesser Antilles, a chain of smaller islands to the east of the region. Many areas lie on tectonic plate boundaries, creating frequent earthquakes and active volcanoes. The climate is tropical, with Atlantic hurricane season occurring mainly during summer and autumn months.

History

Before European arrival, the islands were inhabited by peoples including the Taíno and the Kalinago (Carib), from whom the region takes its name. Following Christopher Columbus's voyages in the late 15th century, Spain, England, France, and the Netherlands divided the region among themselves. Sugar plantations became central to the Atlantic slave trade, profoundly transforming the region's population. Haiti gained independence in the early 19th century, and other territories followed in the 20th century.

Economy and society

The regional economy depends on tourism, agriculture (sugar, bananas, coffee, cocoa), fishing, and financial services. Some countries, notably Trinidad and Tobago, have oil and natural gas reserves. Significant numbers of people from the region have migrated to North America and Europe, with remittances forming an important source of income. Cultural elements include reggae, calypso, salsa, and soca music, along with cuisine blending African, European, and Asian influences.

Political organization

CARICOM (Caribbean Community) is the largest organization for economic and political cooperation in the region. Major issues in regional dialogue include climate change, rising sea levels, and hurricane preparedness.