Central America

Central America is a geographic region located between North and South America. It is a narrow landmass of isthmus form, meaning a strip of land bordered by two seas: the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Caribbean Sea to the east.

The region typically includes seven countries: Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. Though geographically often considered part of North America, it is culturally and politically classified as Latin America.

Topography

The landscape of the region is marked by mountains and chains of volcanoes extending from Guatemala to Panama. These volcanoes result from the collision of the Caribbean and adjacent tectonic plates, causing frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The coastal lowlands have hot, humid climates, while the highlands are cooler.

History

Before European arrival, the region was inhabited by peoples who built city-states, most notably those following Maya culture in Guatemala, Belize, and northern Honduras. In the 16th century, Spain incorporated the region into its empire, spreading the Spanish language and Catholicism. In the 19th century, the countries gained independence, and briefly formed a federal union.

Economy and the Panama Canal

The region's economy depends on export agriculture—coffee, bananas, sugar, and cacao—and has expanded into tourism and textile manufacturing. The Panama Canal, connecting the two oceans, occupies a crucial position in world maritime trade and generates substantial revenue for Panama.