Dhu al-Qaidah

Dhu al-Qaidah (Arabic: ذو القعدة) is the eleventh month of the Islamic year, based on the lunar calendar. It falls after Shawwal and before Dhu al-Hijjah. Like other months in the Islamic calendar, it has either 29 or 30 days, depending on the sighting or calculation of the new moon.

Because the lunar year is approximately 354 days—10 or 11 days shorter than the solar year—Dhu al-Qaidah does not fall at a fixed time in the Gregorian calendar but shifts forward each year.

Etymology

The name derives from the Arabic word qacada (to sit, to stay). According to a common explanation, pre-Islamic Arabs would refrain from warfare and travel during this month, instead using the time to prepare for the pilgrimage. In other languages it is known as Zilkade (Turkish) and Dhu al-Qi'dah (an alternative English transliteration).

Sacred months

Dhu al-Qaidah is one of four sacred months (al-ashhur al-hurum) in Islamic tradition: Dhu al-Qaidah, Dhu al-Hijjah, Muharram, and Rajab. Initiating warfare during these months is traditionally prohibited, a practice that facilitated commerce and worship.

Connection to pilgrimage

Dhu al-Qaidah is one of the months designated for pilgrimage (ashhur al-hajj) in Islamic jurisprudence. Most pilgrims begin their journey and enter the state of ihram (sacred consecration) during this month, before the major rituals of pilgrimage begin the following month, Dhu al-Hijjah. Consequently, the Saudi administration and countries sending pilgrims complete most preparations during this month.

Historical events

Several events in Islamic history are associated with this month, including the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah and the umrah (pilgrimage) that followed, said to have occurred in the years 6–7 of the Hijra. Different historical sources vary slightly in their accounts.