Ejaculation
From Halbeeg, the open encyclopedia · Af-Soomaali
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Ejaculation is a physiological process in which semen is expelled from the male reproductive organ. It is typically accompanied by a sensation of pleasure called orgasm, but the two are distinct: orgasm can occur without ejaculation, and ejaculation can occur without the sensation of orgasm.
Ejaculation is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, which operates outside conscious control. It consists of two successive phases: emission and expulsion. Mental state has an effect—fatigue, anxiety, and habits—and can alter the timing of occurrence.
Physiological process
In the first phase, emission, sperm and seminal fluid from the vas deferens ducts are collected, while secretions from the seminal vesicles and prostate gland enter the seminal fluid. This mixture is stored in the front part of the urethra. In the second phase, expulsion, muscles at the base of the penis contract forcefully and expel the fluid outward. At the same time, the sphincter at the opening of the urethra closes to prevent the fluid from entering the bladder.
Composition of semen
The expelled semen is composed largely of fluid from the seminal vesicles; sperm accounts for a small proportion of the volume. The fluid contains fructose, which provides energy to the sperm, and other substances that assist their movement and survival within the female reproductive tract.
Life stages and changes
Ejaculation begins at puberty, when reproductive hormones increase. As age progresses, changes typically occur in semen volume, force of expulsion, and the interval between successive ejaculations. Nocturnal emissions during sleep are a common occurrence, typically occurring in adolescents.
Related health conditions
There are health conditions marked by changes in the process: premature ejaculation, delayed or absent ejaculation, and retrograde ejaculation, in which semen enters the bladder rather than being expelled outward. Causes can include stress, conditions such as diabetes, certain medications, and psychological factors. Treatment varies: behavioral training, counseling, or medication.