Encyclopedia
From Halbeeg, the open encyclopedia · Af-Soomaali
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An encyclopedia is a reference work that collects concise information on many topics, or provides detailed coverage of a particular subject. It differs from a dictionary, which explains the meaning and usage of words, whereas an encyclopedia explains the thing or idea that the word refers to.
Encyclopedia entries are organized into articles, each with a title. Articles are typically arranged alphabetically or by subject. It is also common to use cross-references that direct readers to related articles.
Brief history
The idea of collecting knowledge into a single work has a long history. Works of this type were produced in ancient Greek, Roman, Chinese, and Islamic civilizations. Medieval Islamic scholars created organized compilations of knowledge covering medicine, mathematics, astronomy, and history. In 18th-century Europe, the invention of printing and ideas from the Enlightenment led to the creation of large encyclopedic works.
Method of preparation
Traditional encyclopedias are written by experts specializing in their subject, and editors then verify accuracy and consistency of format. The language is intended to be clear, and technical terms are explained. Articles must be based on verifiable sources and not merely reflect the author's opinion.
Digital transition
From the late twentieth century onward, encyclopedias shifted to electronic format: first on CD-ROM, then on the internet. This format enabled rapid searching, continuous updating, and the inclusion of images, video, and audio. Some projects allow many people to contribute, which increases the number of articles but requires robust quality control.