Friday

Friday is one of the seven days of the week. In the international ISO calendar, it falls on the fifth day when the week begins on Monday. In the traditional practice of Somalis and Arabs, where the week begins on Sunday, Friday is the sixth day. It lies between Thursday and Saturday.

In Muslim societies, Friday is a significant religious day, because the congregational Friday prayer replaces the midday prayer. For this reason, many Muslim countries—including Somalia and those of the Arabian Gulf—observe Friday as an official holiday or half day.

Etymology and origins

The Somali word "Jimco" derives from the Arabic term al-jumuʿa, whose root relates to the meaning of gathering or assembly. This meaning refers to people who come together for prayer in mosques. Some European languages derive their names from earlier sources: English "Friday" traces to the goddess Frigg or Freyja, while French vendredi and Italian venerdì come from the Latin dies Veneris, the day of Venus.

The Friday prayer

The Friday prayer consists of two units of prayer performed in congregation at midday, preceded by a sermon of two parts delivered by the imam. It is considered obligatory for men of sound health and mind, with exemptions granted for illness, travel, and other circumstances. Large mosques where the Friday prayer is held are known as congregational mosques.

Social and cultural significance

In many Muslim communities, Friday is a day for family gatherings, visiting relatives, giving alms, and social meetings. The Friday sermon often serves as an opportunity to convey information on social and health matters. Different countries structure the working week differently, with some ending on Thursday or Friday and others on Friday or Saturday.

Other religions and beliefs

Some Christian churches observe Friday in commemoration of the crucifixion of Jesus, particularly Good Friday, which precedes Easter. In Jewish practice, Friday evening marks the beginning of Shabbat, which continues until Saturday evening. In Western popular tradition, Friday the thirteenth is considered unlucky; this is a folk belief without scientific basis.