Grapefruit

Grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi), also known as pomelo grapefruit, is a fruit-bearing tree of the Rutaceae family. Its fruits are large, round, and range in colour from yellow to pink, with a flavour combining sweetness and bitterness. It is an evergreen tree with thick leaves.

The species is a hybrid—not a naturally occurring type that arose on its own, but rather a cross between pomelo (Citrus maxima) and sweet orange (Citrus × sinensis). The '×' symbol in the scientific name indicates this hybridization. It was first documented in the Caribbean islands, particularly Barbados, in the late nineteenth century.

Plant characteristics

The tree reaches a moderate height, with long, shiny leaves. The flowers are white and strongly scented. The fruits most often grow in clusters on the branches, which is the origin of the English name 'grapefruit'—they resemble grape bunches. Inside, the fruit is divided into segments containing juicy pulp.

Varieties and cultivation

Several varieties exist, distinguished by the colour of the pulp: white, pink, and red. The red colour comes from lycopene. The tree requires warm, frost-free climate and soil with good water drainage. It is grown widely in the United States (particularly Florida and Texas), China, Mexico, and several Middle Eastern countries.

Uses and nutrition

The fruit can be eaten fresh or made into juice. It is rich in vitamin C and fibre, and low in calories. The peel and extracted oil are used in aromatics and food preparation.