Koofiyad

A koofiyad is a garment or item worn on the head. It is used for protection against sun, wind, rain and dust, as well as social distinction and adornment. Koofiyads are made from wool, felt, woven cotton, leather, cloth or hard materials such as metal and plastic.

Every type of koofiyad has essential parts: the headband (the part that sits on the head) and sometimes a brim or protruding section that provides shade underneath. The width of the brim, length of the headband and type of material distinguish different varieties.

Function and use

The use of the koofiyad falls into several categories. One is practical: reducing sunlight to the head and eyes, or protecting the body from heat in hot areas. Another is occupational: safety koofiyads (helmets) worn by construction workers, athletes and soldiers guard against injury. A third is social: the koofiyad can signify religion, craft, military rank or group membership.

Notable types

Among hats known globally are the cap with a front brim, the fedora made of felt with a mid-height brim, cotton koofiyads, the Western cowboy hat, the close-fitting beret, and snow koofiyads made from felt. Each type originates from a particular region and climate.

Custom and religion

In many societies the koofiyad is part of dress codes. Among Somali and Muslim communities, the small woven koofiyad is customary for men during prayer or formal occasions. The head wrap (turban) is also worn across many regions of Asia and Africa. Social norms exist governing when a koofiyad is worn—for instance indoors or in certain institutions.

Manufacturing

Koofiyad making is a traditional craft. The felting method involves matting animal hair with heat, moisture and friction until it becomes stiff, unwoven fabric. It is then shaped over a form resembling the head. Today most koofiyads are factory-made, though handmaking still exists.