Mother

A mother is a female parent who gives birth to or raises children. The term is used in three distinct senses: biological (relating to childbirth), legal (such as adoption), and social (relating to the daily care of a child being raised).

In most societies, mothers undertake the largest share of caring for young children: feeding, health, and early education. The distribution of these parental duties varies across cultures, periods, and individual families.

Health and pregnancy

Childbirth begins with pregnancy, which normally lasts several months before birth. During pregnancy, a mother's body undergoes hormonal and physical changes. Antenatal care consists of regular check-ups to monitor the health of the mother and fetus. After birth comes a recovery period known as the postpartum period, during which health and psychological complications can occur, including postpartum depression.

Breastfeeding is a widespread method of feeding infants with the mother's milk. Global health organizations recommend that children receive breast milk from birth, followed later by other foods.

Role in society and economy

Most mothers combine household work with employment outside the home. Social research has shown that unpaid care work—cooking, cleaning, and child care—places a significant burden on women's time. Policies such as parental leave, childcare facilities, and child allowances are designed to reduce this burden.

Culture and remembrance

In many religions and cultures, mothers hold a position of honor. In Somali and world literature, mothers are portrayed as symbols of compassion and virtue. Many countries observe an annual day dedicated to mothers, though the date of this observance varies by country.