Shisha

A shisha is a device for smoking tobacco in which smoke produced by the burning tobacco is first drawn through water in a lower chamber, then inhaled through a mouthpiece (a long flexible tube). Other language names for it include nargile (Turkish), narguilé (French), hookah (English), and نارجيلة (Arabic).

Shisha use is common in the Middle East, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and parts of Asia. In recent decades it has spread to many major cities worldwide, often associated with specialized establishments called shisha bars. The tobacco smoked is typically flavored and mixed (commonly referred to as molasses or shisha), which gives it a sweet and aromatic character.

Parts of the device

A shisha typically consists of four main parts: an upper chamber into which the tobacco is placed, a small tray that catches ash, a central shaft through which smoke travels downward, and a water chamber. On top is placed a perforated metal piece holding the tobacco, which is normally heated indirectly rather than burned directly. When the user inhales, air drawn through the tobacco produces smoke, which passes through the water before reaching the mouthpiece.

History

The origins of the shisha are commonly attributed to the Indian subcontinent and Persia in the later medieval centuries. It subsequently spread throughout the Ottoman Empire, where it became part of the culture of tea houses and social gatherings. The design and decoration of shishas vary from region to region.

Health and law

Health research has shown that water filtration does not remove harmful substances from smoke, including nicotine, carbon monoxide, and carcinogenic compounds. Extended shisha sessions can result in heavier smoke inhalation compared to cigarette smoking alone. There is also a risk of disease transmission when a mouthpiece is shared among multiple users. Many countries have incorporated shisha into tobacco control laws, either banning it in enclosed spaces or requiring a permit.

Social aspects

Shisha is typically a social practice in which groups of people gather and smoke together for extended periods, which distinguishes it from the quick consumption style of cigarette smoking. In Somalia and the Horn of Africa, there is ongoing discussion about regulating shisha bars, considering public health impacts and commercial interests.