Xenon

Xenon (chemical symbol: Xe) is a chemical element belonging to the group of noble gases in the periodic table. Its atomic number is 54. In standard conditions it exists as a colourless, odourless gas that is denser than other gases in the atmosphere.

Like other noble gases, xenon has a complete electron shell, which makes it unreactive with other elements. However, it is one of the noble gases for which chemical compounds have been successfully synthesized, particularly with fluorine and oxygen.

Physical and chemical properties

Xenon occurs in the Earth's atmosphere in extremely small quantities—far less abundant than nitrogen and oxygen. It is typically obtained by liquefying air and separating it by distillation. It has many naturally occurring isotopes, some of which are produced by nuclear processes.

Uses

The most common application is in lamps and high-intensity discharge lighting, in which xenon produces bright light when electrical current passes through it. It is also used in medical imaging equipment and scientific research. In medicine, it is employed as an anesthetic gas in certain conditions, although its cost is high.

History of discovery

Xenon was discovered in the late 19th century through the study of gases obtained from the fractional distillation of air. Its name comes from a Greek word meaning "foreign" or "stranger", referring to the rarity of the gas in the atmosphere.