HalbeegEnsaykloobediya furanIn English
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RNA

Ka Halbeeg, ensaykloobediyada furan · In English

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RNA
RNAWikimedia Commons · Public domain · Commons

RNA (Ribonucleic acid, Af-Soomaali: aashitada nukleyiga ee ribose) waa molecule dheer oo ka kooban silsilad nucleotide ah. Nucleotide kastaa wuxuu leeyahay sonkor nooca ribose ah, koox fosfaat ah, iyo saldhig nitrojiin leh: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) iyo uracil (U). Uracil ayaa RNA ku beddela thymine-ka DNA-da laga helo.

RNA badanaa waa silsilad keli ah (single-stranded), taasoo u ogolaanaysa inay isku laablaabato oo ay samaysato qaabab saddex-cabbir ah. Qaababkaas awgood, RNA ma aha kaliya xambaare macluumaad, laakiin sidoo kale wuxuu qaban karaa hawlo dhaqdhaqaaq kiimikaad ah.

Noocyada waaweyn

mRNA (messenger RNA) wuxuu nuqul ka sameeyaa hidde-side DNA ah, kadibna wuxuu u gudbiyaa ribosome-ka. tRNA (transfer RNA) wuxuu keenaa aminoo-aashitada ku habboon codon kasta. rRNA (ribosomal RNA) waa qayb ka mid ah dhismaha ribosome-ka waxayna ka qayb qaadataa isku-xidhka aminoo-aashitooyinka. Waxaa kale oo jira RNA yar oo hawlgab ah, sida microRNA iyo small nuclear RNA, oo xakameeya heerka hidde-sidayaasha shaqeeya.

Doorka hidde-sidaha

Hab-socodka guud ee bayoolajiga molekuyuulka ayaa ah: DNA ayaa la koobiyeeyaa (transcription) si loo helo RNA, kadibna RNA-ga ayaa loo turjumaa (translation) borotiin. Codon kasta oo saddex saldhig ah ayaa matala hal aminoo-aashiid. Fayrasyo badan hidde-sidahoodu waa RNA, oo qaarkood, sida retrovirus-yada, isticmaala enzyme reverse transcriptase si RNA-ga looga sameeyo DNA.

Ribozyme iyo aragtida adduunka RNA

Qaar ka mid ah molecule-yada RNA, oo la yidhaahdo ribozyme, waxay u shaqeeyaan sida enzyme: waxay dedejiyaan falcelin kiimikaad. Sababtaas awgeed, waxaa la soo jeediyay aragti sheegaysa in nolosha hore ee dhulka ay ku tiirsanayd RNA oo qaba labada hawlood — kaydinta macluumaadka iyo dedejinta falcelinta — ka hor inta aan DNA iyo borotiinnadu qaadan doorarkooda hadda.

Hubanti la'aanAragtida 'adduunka RNA' weli waa mala-awaal cilmiyeed oo ku saleysan tijaabooyin iyo qiyaas, ma aha xaqiiqo la caddeeyay.

Isticmaalka farsamada

RNA waxaa loo adeegsadaa daawooyin iyo tallaallo. Tallaalada mRNA waxay unugyada siiyaan tilmaan ay ku sameeyaan borotiin fayras ka soo jeeda, si jidhku u diyaariyo difaac. Sidoo kale, farsamooyinka RNA interference waxaa lagu joojiyaa shaqada hidde-side gaar ah, taasoo caawisa cilmi-baadhista iyo daaweynta.

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