Soomaaliya (Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya) waa dal ku yaal darafka bari ee Geeska Afrika, oo xeeb dheer ku leh Badweynta Hindiya iyo Gacanka Cadmeed. Caasimaddeeda waa Muqdisho. Dalka waxaa ku dhaqan dad inta badan ku hadla af-Soomaaliga, halka Carabiga sidoo kale yahay af rasmi ah. Nidaamka dowladeed ee hadda socda waa mid federaal ah, oo dowlad dhexe iyo dowlad-goboleedyo isku qaybsanyihiin awoodda.

Laga bilaabo burburka dowladdii dhexe 1991-kii, Soomaaliya waxay soo martay xilliyo dagaal sokeeye, maamullo gobol oo iskood u soo baxay, iyo dad-dhaqaale ku tiirsan xawaaladaha iyo xoolaha nool. Tan iyo 2012-kii waxaa la dhisay hay'ado federaal ah oo si joogto ah la wada xaajooda arrimo sida qaybsanaanta awoodda, kheyraadka iyo habka doorashada. Amniga wuxuu weli ku xiran yahay dagaalka ka dhanka ah kooxda Al-Shabaab, taasoo ku howlan qaybo ka mid ah dalka.

Amniga iyo howlgallada caalamiga

Midowga Afrika wuxuu si joogto ah la socodsiiyaa xaaladda Soomaaliya. Golaha Nabadda iyo Amniga ee Midowga Afrika, kulankiisa 1287-aad ee 3 Luulyo 2025, wuxuu ka hadlay howlgallada Howlgalka Taageerada iyo Xasilinta ee Midowga Afrika ee Soomaaliya (AUSSOM) wuxuuna go'aansaday in kor loo qaado xadka Xeryada Kaydka Xaaladaha Degdegga (Crisis Reserve Facility) si loo taageero geeddi-socodka geynta ciidamada.

AUSSOM waxay ku timid meel ka duwan Howlgalkii Kala-guurka ee Midowga Afrika (ATMIS), kaas oo laga bilaabo 2023-kii galay wejiyada ugu dambeeya ee yareynta ciidamadiisa. Talooyinka ku aaddan bedelka howlgalka waxaa la soo jeediyay in la bilaabo 1 Janaayo 2025.

Somaliland iyo khilaafka xeebaha

Somaliland, oo waqooyi-galbeed ku taal, waxay 1991-kii ku dhawaaqday madax-bannaani mana hesho aqoonsi caalami ah. 1 Janaayo 2024 waxaa la saxiixay wareegto is-afgarad (MoU) u dhexeysa Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Itoobiya Abiy Ahmed iyo madaxweynihii Somaliland Muuse Biixi Abdi, oo ku saabsanaa marin badeed. Dokumentiyada taariikhda dhacdada ayaa muujinaya in ay ku xigtay Bayaanka Ankara ee dabayaaqadii 2024.

Muqdisho waxay uga jawaabtay is-afgaradkaas iyadoo ballaarisay xiriirka difaac iyo diblomaasiyadeed ee dalal kale, oo ay ku jirto is-afgarad difaac oo Tanzania lala qaatay Oktoobar 2024, oo faahfaahintiisa aan la shaacin. Sannadka 2025 waxaa la soo sheegay in dib-u-dhis xiriir uu ka dhex socdo Muqdisho iyo Addis Ababa, iyo sidoo kale Hargeysa iyo Addis Ababa.

Hubanti la'aanXaaladda siyaasadda Soomaaliya iyo Somaliland waa mid degdeg u beddelanta. Warbixinno qaar ka mid ah ilaha shaxda hoose waxay ka soo jeedaan hay'ado dowladeed ama xarumo cilmi-baaris dalal kale (Itoobiya, Somaliland), sidaas darteed sheegashooyinkooda ku aaddan aqoonsi ama heshiisyo waa in si dhow loo hubiyaa. Maddadan ma qorto tirooyin dhaqaale ama tirakoob dad, maadaama aan ilo aasaasi ah oo lala xaqiijiyo la heli karin xilligan.

Dhaqaalaha iyo dhismaha hay'adaha

Dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu ku salaysan yahay ganacsi, xoolo nool oo dibadda loo dhoofiyo, kalluumeysi, iyo lacagta soo dirta qurbo-joogta. Sannadihii dambe, dowladda federaalka waxay diirada saartay dib-u-dhiska hay'adaha maaliyadda, urursashada canshuurta iyo xakameynta kheyraadka badda, iyadoo la wehesho hay'adaha maaliyadda caalamiga.

Xusuusin"Dowlad-goboleed" waxaa loola jeedaa maamullada federaalka xubnaha ka ah (kuwa loo yaqaan Federal Member States). "AUSSOM" waa soo-gaabinta Ingiriisiga ah ee Howlgalka Taageerada iyo Xasilinta ee Midowga Afrika ee Soomaaliya.

Ilaha

ACommuniqué from the 1287th Meeting of the Peace and Security Council, held on 3 July 2025, on Update on the Situation in Somalia and Operations of AUSSOM — African Union Peace and Security Department
BNine months later: The regional implications of the Ethiopia-Somaliland MOU — Atlantic Council
C2024 Ethiopia–Somaliland memorandum of understanding — Wikipedia
BUncertainties Across the Horn of Africa: How the Ethiopia-Somaliland MoU is Reshaping the Region — Vivekananda International Foundation
DSomalia's Strategic Engagement with Ethiopia: Pragmatism, Power, and Regional Calculus — Institute of Foreign Affairs (Ethiopia)jihayn: ET
Xarun cilmi-baaris ku xiran dowladda Itoobiya; falanqayntu waxay ka eegtaysa danaha Itoobiya.
CSomaliland, Ethiopia rekindle ties after rocky port-for-support saga — The Africa Report
BSomalia's Strategic Counterbalance to Ethiopian Influence in the Horn of Africa — Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
DIsrael Recognized Somaliland: What Could Ethiopia's Next Move Be? — Horn Reviewjihayn: ET
Falanqayn u janjeersan aragtida Itoobiya; sheegashooyinka aqoonsiga aan lagu xaqiijin ilo aasaasi.
DSomaliland Government Reiterates Commitment to Ethiopia MoU, Asserts Sovereign Right to International Agreements — Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Somalilandjihayn: SO
Bayaan rasmi ah oo ka soo baxay maamulka Somaliland, kaas oo doodda madax-bannaanida difaacaya.

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